ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicates 5%-10% of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is the leading cause of early mortality. It remains unclear whether percutaneous mechanical support (pMCS) devices improve post-AMI CS outcome. METHODS: A systematic review of original studies comparing the effect of pMCS on AMI-CS mortality was conducted with the use of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS: Of 8672 records, 50 were retained for quantitative analysis. Four additional references were added from other sources. Four references reported a significant mortality reduction with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients with failed primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) or managed with thrombolysis. Meta-analyses showed no advantage of Impella over conventional therapy (pooled OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.20-1.46; I2 = 0.85) and increased mortality compared with IABP (pooled OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62; I2 = 0.85). No study reported a mortality advantage for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) over conventional therapy, IABP, or Impella support. Early mortality might be improved with the addition of IABP or Impella to ECMO. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥ 3 bleeding was increased with every pMCS strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence is of poor to moderate quality, with only 1 in 5 included articles reporting randomised data and several reporting unadjusted outcomes. Yet, there is some evidence to favour IABP use in the setting of thrombolysis or with failed pPCI, and adding IABP or Impella should be considered for patients requiring ECMO.
Subject(s)
Heart-Assist Devices , Myocardial Infarction , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Heart-Assist Devices/adverse effects , Hemorrhage , Humans , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology , Shock, Cardiogenic/therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although many diabetic retinopathy (DR) tele-screening projects have shown effectiveness for DR, timely follow-up care after screening is essential to achieve the expected visual benefits of screening. OBJECTIVE: To better understand the possible factors of non-compliance to follow-up care in diabetics after tele-screening for DR. METHOD: This cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study analyses the data of 148 diabetics referred to follow-up care following screening of 1185 diabetics through an urban community-based DR Teleophthalmology Project aimed at Type 2 diabetes. A telephone survey was conducted to assess the screening program appreciation and the sociodemographic characteristics of that population. RESULTS: This study achieved a 91,9% (n=136) compliance rate to follow-up care. Female sex, type 2 diabetes, lower general and DR education, telephone unreachability, age less than 60 years, knowledge of a visually impaired acquaintance and more severe DR were more prevalent in non-compliant patients. Age, ethnicity, economic status, level of precariousness, distance from home to the screening/examination sites, and previous adherence to the DR screening guidelines were similar in both compliants and noncompliants. A high satisfaction score (4,8/5, n=96) to the tele-screening program was measured. CONCLUSION: This study is applicable to other screening programs and suggests that an increase in the number of recall letters and a greater flexibility in the organization of follow-up care appointments as well as the addition of multilingual members to the recalling team may have further improved compliance to follow-up care. It measures a high level of satisfaction provided by this model of urban teleophthalmology screening.
